This paper presents the results of a numerical study on the natural convection in a right TRIANGULAR ENCLOSURE filled with a water- Cu nanofluid in presence of a constant magnetic field. A heat source embedded on the bottom wall of ENCLOSURE, the inclined wall is cold and the other walls are adiabatic. Discretization of the governing equations are achieved through a finite volume method and solved with SIMPLE algorithm. The effects of parameters such as the Rayleigh number, the solid volume fraction, the Hartman number, length and location of heat source on flow and temperature fields and the heat transfer rate have been examined. The results show that increasing of Hartman number caused decreasing velocity of flow and heat transfer. Also, increase in solid volume fraction causes increase in heat transfer but its change in different Rayleigh number and Hartman number is not same. Therefore, the location of heat source in bottom of ENCLOSURE affects on the rate of heat transfer from ENCLOSURE.

Natural convection heat transfer is studied numerically in a TRIANGULAR ENCLOSURE. The ENCLOSURE is isosceles right triangle and its bottom wall is hot, the hypotenuse is cold and the other wall is adiabatic. Also, a vertical magnetic field is applied in the ENCLOSURE; and there is hybrid nanofluid inside the ENCLOSURE. This study is conducted for Rayleigh numbers of 103-105, the Hartmann numbers between 0-80, and the volume fraction of nanofluid is between 0-2 percent. Based on the obtained results, as the Hartmann number augments, the temperature of the center of the ENCLOSURE decreases due to weakening of the heat transfer flow by increasing the magnetic field forces. In addition, as the Hartmann number augments, the streamlines approach to the walls because the horizontal momentum forces decrease when the Hartmann number increases. Furthermore, by increasing the density of nanoparticles, the heat transfer rate increases, and as a result, heat transfer builds up. Finally, heat transfer improves when the hybrid-nanofluid is employed rather than ordinary nanofluid.

Natural convection heat transfer has many applications in different fields of industry; such as cooling industries, electronic transformer devices and ventilation equipment; due to simple process, economic advantage, low noise and renewed retrieval. Recently, heat transfer of nanofluids have been considered because of higher thermal conductivity coefficient compared with those of ordinary fluids. In this study; natural convection and entropy generation in a TRIANGULAR ENCLOSURE filled by Al2O3 -water nanofluid affected by magnetic field considering Brownian motion is investigated numerically. Two inclined walls are maintained at constant cold temperature (Tc) while the bottom wall is kept at constant high temperature (Th) with (Th>Tc). In order to investigate natural convection, a computer program (FORTRAN language) based on finite volume method and SIMPLER algorithm has been used. Analyses is performed for volume fraction of nanoparticles 0, 0.02, 0.04, Hartmann number 0, 50,100, Rayleigh numbers 103,104,105 and angle of inclined walls 45o. In investigated angles and Rayleigh numbers; average Nusselt number is increased by enhancement of volume fraction of nanoparticles in a fixed Hartmann number. It is also observed that total entropy generation variations by increasing volume fraction of nanoparticles is similar to that of Nusselt number. By the results; effect of friction is always insignificant on generated entropy. It is observed that natural convection of nanofluid is decreased by enhancement of Hartmann number and its behavior is close to thermal conduction. It is also concluded that average Nusselt number and total generated entropy are decreased.

In this paper, mixed convection fluid flow, heat transfer and entropy generation inside a TRIANGULAR ENCLOSURE filled with CuO-water nanofluid with variable properties are investigated numerically. The inclined walls of ENCLOSURE are maintained at a constant temperature Tc. The moving bottom wall is kept at a constant temperature Th, which Th>Tc. The numerical simulation of mixed convection is carried out using a computer program (FORTRAN language) based on finite volume method and SIMPLER algorithm. This study is performed over a range of nanoparticle volume fractions(0-0.02-0.04) Richardson numbers(0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100), and angles of inclined walls(150, 300, 450, 600, 750) and a fixed Grashof number (Gr=104).In all investigated aspect ratios and Richardson numbers, average Nusselt number increased by enhancement of volume fraction till 0.02, but it is approximately constant by adding more nanoparticles till 0.04.It is also observed that in all aspect ratios and Richardson numbers, the variation of total entropy generation by enhancement of volume fraction is similar to Nusselt number.

In this paper, some elementary operations on TRIANGULAR fuzzy numbers (TFNs) are defined. We also define some operations on TRIANGULAR fuzzy matrices (TFMs) such as trace and TRIANGULAR fuzzy determinant (TFD). Using elementary operations, some important properties of TFMs are presented. The concept of adjoints on TFM is discussed and some of their properties are. Some special types of TFMs (e.g. pure and fuzzy TRIANGULAR, symmetric, pure and fuzzy skew-symmetric, singular, semi-singular, constant) are defined and a number of properties of these TFMs are presented.

The effect of different configurations of partial cold walls on laminar natural convection heat transfer for a right-angle TRIANGULAR cavity heated from below has been studied numerically. The ENCLOSURE is filled with water and heat transfer surfaces such as hot and cold walls are maintained at constant temperature. The side and hypotenuse walls of the ENCLOSURE are detached from the middle and have been arranged in four different configurations, namely AB, BC, AD and CD for cooling purpose. The finite volume method is used to solve the dimensionless governing mass, momentum and energy equations. The problem has been solved to explore the effects of the pertinent parameters i.e. different configurations of cold walls and variation of Rayleigh number (105 £ Ra £ 107). Results are obtained from numerical simulation using commercial software package, FLUENT and presented in the form of streamlines and isotherms. The thermal performance of the ENCLOSURE has been expressed by local and average Nusselt numbers. From the analysis, it is observed that the temperature distribution and flow field are significantly affected by these parameters. The high heat transfer rate has been observed for the position AB while low for the position CD. Also, the heat transfer rate enhances as the Rayleigh number (Ra) increases.

In this study, new methods to construct TRIANGULAR norms and TRIANGULAR conorms on appropriate bounded lattices are introduced. Some illustrative examples are given for clarity. Also, the relation between introduced methods and some other approaches is investigated. Finally, it is shown that the introduced construction methods can be generalized by induction to a modified ordinal sum for TRIANGULAR norms and TRIANGULAR conorms on appropriate bounded lattices. And some illustrative examples are given.

There are two main methods in fire modeling: zone models and field models. The conservation of mass and energy in ENCLOSURE is the theoretical base of zone models. The models deal with heat release rate, fire plume, mass flow, smoke movement and gas temperature in fires. Theoretical principles of compartment fire zone modeling are presented and the behavior of fire in ENCLOSUREs is discussed. The conservation laws are presented in control volume form and applied to the behavior of fire in ENCLOSUREs. The governing equations are derived and presented. Some zone models and their field of application in fire modeling are also given.

A TRIANGULAR tile latching system consists of a set $\Sigma$ of equilateral TRIANGULAR tiles with at least one latchable side and an attachment rule which permits two tiles to get latched along a latchable side. In this paper we determine the language generated by a TRIANGULAR tile latching system in terms of planar graphs.